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Etiology
The cause of mammary gland neoplasia is unknown, however around 50% of canine mammary carcinomas have estrogen receptors.
Clinical Signs
A mass or swelling develops in or adjacent to the mammary chain. Metastatic lesions in the lungs may cause labored respiration.
Signalment
Greatest frequency of occurrence is 8-12 years of age. Canine breeds at greater risk are Pointers, Retrievers, English Setters, Spaniels, Poodles, Boston Terriers, and Dachshunds. Siamese cats are reported to have twice the risk of all other cat breeds combined.
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Predisposing Factors
Statistics show that canine females have an increase of approximately 4% in the incidence of mammary tumors for each heat cycle they have. This underlying predisposition should encourage us to spay our female dogs while they are young. If breeding the dog is planned, the second or third heat cycle is ideal, followed by spaying.
Survival Statistics
Approximately 50% of Canine mammary tumors are malignant and of that 50%, 1/2 are curative with surgery. Regrettably around 95% of Feline mammary tumors are malignant.. In both species, metastisis, when it occurs, spreads to the lungs.
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